Thursday, May 28, 2020

Choosing a coffee maker is easy if you know-how

It seems incredible that there are so many different ways to prepare a single drink. Around the world we like to drink coffee in many different ways, and therefore there are many types of coffee machines, each with different characteristics.

Today we are going to delve into the exciting and fascinating world of coffee machine technology to find out which ones best fit our tastes and consumption habits. And also to see if the light illuminates us, that we are still in time for the Three Kings to put a coffee pot in the saddlebag of the camels.

Types of coffee machines


Although there are some quirky coffee machines out there, such as vacuum or cold-brewed coffee machines, the most common types of coffee machines are:

Italian coffee maker or Moka

Coffee makers 2 1

It is a very popular coffee maker in Italy, Spain, and other Mediterranean countries, since it is technically capable of preparing espresso, since the steam inside it reaches 1.5 bar pressure, but even so its operation is very simple.

It is made up of two bodies shaped like the trunk of an octagonal pyramid. In the lower body the water is poured and a small funnel-shaped saucepan is placed, where the ground coffee is put. When heating the coffee maker, and therefore the water, it rises to the top, infusing the coffee along the way.


Coffee machines 3


The success of these coffee machines lies in their simplicity and small size. In addition to that they are really cheap and produce a very good coffee if we prepare it correctly (the amount of coffee and its pressing in the pot determine its flavor).

For around 20 euros we can get one of the Bialetti brands. Why that brand? Well, because its inventor was Alfonso Bialetti (who devised it 80 years ago imitating the operation of a washing machine of the time ) and also because it has a retro charm, with that Omino coi Baffi (little man with a mustache) asking for a silk-screened coffee on his body.

Another advantage of Italian coffee machines is that they can prepare several coffees at the same time, it all depends on the size of the coffee machine. There are coffeemakers from a single cup to nine cups or even 12 cups, although the most common are three and six cups. The downside, that if you have too big a coffee left over, then reheated is not the same.

Best coffee maker under 100

This is an easy to recognize coffee maker, because although it is not very common in our country, it is in the United States, and therefore we have seen it in hundreds of series and movies, with the protagonists pouring a coffee from their jug ​​in the office or with a waitress offering to refill the cup at a roadside bar.

Its technology is simpler if possible than that of the Italian coffee machine. The water in the tank is heated and passed through a filter (usually paper) where the coffee is located. Being a fairly dense filter, the water passes slowly, drop by drop (hence its other name), depositing in the aforementioned jug once the coffee has been infused.

This mug is placed on a metal plate with a resistance that keeps the coffee hot, although you can imagine that if the coffee has been brewed for a long time, and has been cooled and heated several times, it will not be particularly good. Of course, it is not that these coffee machines are not characterized by giving too intense or full-bodied coffee.

However, American coffee machines have their advantages: you should not be aware of them and we can even leave them ready at night and schedule them to make us coffee just when the alarm clock rings. So we will wake up smelling like coffee in the morning.

In addition, they are quite inexpensive, being able to find models from 13 euros, such as the Tristar KZ-1223, or around 20, such as the Ufesa CG7231. If we are looking for something with a more striking design and with a programmer included, then the Unold 28605 Bola (47 euros) or the AEG KF7500 (59 euros) are interesting options.

French or plunger coffee maker

The French coffee machine is one of the simplest coffee machines of all, and also one of the most valued since it offers a coffee with a good flavor and great body. On the other hand, it has a slightly more complicated preparation process.

French coffee maker

The mechanism of the coffee maker is extremely simple. A cylindrical container, usually glass, and a plunger with a filter. In a saucepan we heat water and pour it into the cylinder, where we will have placed the ground coffee. We cover the coffee maker, but without lowering the plunger, and let infuse 4 or 5 minutes. After that time, we lower the plunger, bringing the ground coffee to the bottom and leaving us a delicious coffee to drink.

As you can imagine, they are not especially expensive, and their price varies mainly depending on their size. The smallest is available for around 10 euros, while the largest and most designer ones, such as the Tescoma Teo or the Bodum Chambord, are around 25 euros.


We come here to the queen category of coffee machines, or at least the most successful in recent years: espresso coffee machines, which are those used in bars and coffee shops, but that we can also have at home.

Its operation is both easy to explain and complex to execute. Basically, water must be heated to reach a high pressure (12-15 bars) and pass it through the pan with the filter where the coffee is. Water at such a high temperature and pressure quickly extract all the flavor of the coffee and we obtain a short, creamy, intense, and full-bodied drink.

The problem is that heating water and bringing it to such high pressure is not so easy to achieve, and that is why domestic espresso machines are still moderately bulky and require more maintenance.

Its price is slightly higher than other types of coffee machines and varies mainly depending on the amount of pressure they are able to get or if they can grind coffee beans. In the environment of 70 euros we can get the Ufesa CE7141, with 15 bars of pressure. If we are looking for something with a more attractive design, the DeLonghi EC680 (144 euros, 15 Bars) will surely meet expectations.


Coffee machines 9

In recent years, single-dose espresso machines have proliferated, with Nespresso at the forefront. They have the advantage that they are very easy to use (you put the capsule, you hit a button and you already have your coffee ready) and as a disadvantage that the coffee they prepare is much more expensive since the capsules are not cheap.

Its operation is similar to conventional espresso, except that they get enough pressure to make the coffee inside the capsule, and since this has a smaller volume, everything is simplified, allowing these coffee machines to be much smaller and have minimal maintenance.

These are the main single-dose espresso machine systems :

Nespresso: What am I going to tell you, they were the pioneers and the market reference. We can get a basic coffee maker like the Krups Inissia from around 70 euros, although the larger models (and larger water tanks), such as the Nespresso Pixie Titan, are around 100 euros. If we want them to include a milk frother to make cappuccinos and lattes, then the budget must go above 200 euros, which is what the Nespresso Lattissima costs.

Single-dose coffee machines


Dolce Gusto: Also from the Nestlé brand. It offers, in addition to espresso coffees (with fewer varieties and lower quality than Nespresso), a wide range of drinks such as cappuccinos, mokachinos, chocolates ... all with capsules or a combination of two capsules. We can get a coffee maker for less than 50 euros like the Krups Oblo.


Tassimo: It is the Bosch manufacturer's alternative, with an interesting differentiating point. The capsules have a barcode and the coffee makers a reader that allows them to prepare the drink in just the right amount as appropriate. We do not have to adjust anything or be aware of stopping the machine when appropriate. We simply put the capsule and press a single button. It also offers a wide range of drinks, the price range of the capsules is similar and the coffee machines practically give them away, with prices below 40 euros, such as the Bosch TAS2002.

Senseo: In this case the manufacturer behind is Philips, which is looking for its differentiating factor in the price, with single-dose (they are not capsules) around 50% cheaper than the rest. It also has single pods to prepare various types of drinks in addition to coffee, although as we could see in the comparison of single pod coffee makers with a cappuccino , they were not so good. Of course, if we choose one of the models with milk frother, such as the Philips HD7853 (136 euros), the cappuccino comes out very well and automatically.

Illy Iperespresso: For me, the best coffee in capsules, something that I could verify when comparing them with Nespresso capsules. It has the disadvantage that the machines are not cheap (200 euros for the Illycaffé X7.1, almost 275 for the Francis Francis Y5 milk model ) and the capsules are more expensive than those of Nespresso, in addition to the fact that they only offer a smaller number of varieties.


And with this latest coffee maker we conclude our review of the exciting and fascinating world of coffee maker technology. As a brooch I would like to leave you a video with the operation of a vacuum coffee maker, which is one of the most impressive to see making a coffee.


Note: some of the links published here are from affiliates. Despite this, none of the mentioned articles have been proposed by either the brands or the stores, their introduction being a unique decision of the team of editors.

Wednesday, May 20, 2020

How to Shop Online Safely in 8 Steps

The Internet often represents an obstacle to making online purchases: security, guarantee of the goods to be purchased, possible scams are some of the factors that require reflection. Online commerce is also surpassing real commerce, especially in some sectors other than the food sector: by now records, books, electronics, but also medicines, technologies, and homeware, prices are better on the web than on physical stores.

In the boundless world of the internet and the online world, information has taken on a fundamental role: criticisms, opinions, opinions, feedback from other users allow us to become aware of the "reputation" of the counterpart that we do not know.

How to shop safely online:


Search on the search engines for what you need

Read third-party reviews if they are positive or negative about that specific site or seller

Compare the prices of the same goods offered by different sites or sellers

Before buying, calculate the real cost of the property, including shipping costs and any taxes

Choose the type of shipment that you should have

Check that the product factory does quality things

Place your order online

Pay with a prepaid card or cash on delivery, avoid paying with credit cards linked to your main checking account. Online commerce is never 100% secure.

Shop online without worries

Security is the crucial node in the world of e-commerce and related payments: there are a privacy problem and a problem of correctness and security of payment transactions.
One of the primary precautions is to check the presence of https in the URL of the website we are interested in (blocking external intrusions in sensitive data area).

The second care is to check the contractual conditions for the service (purchase) before finalizing the transaction. Most e-commerce sites require a registration phase, which takes the form of having a user code and password available. The reserved use of these credentials allows increasing the level of security for our online purchases.

Let's consider the payment phase when the purchase is finished.


Security for online payments


How to make secure online payments? Each online purchase is perfected with the payment, which can take place with credit cards, prepaid credit cards, Paypal (less the possibilities offered to settle by bank transfer, or other). Traditional (non-prepaid) credit cards are widespread, but it is not certain that each of us has ownership, or for the most varied reasons we have never been interested in having it.

Considering the possible scams on the internet, with the theft of sensitive data, even in the face of the use of the above precautions, many prefer a prepaid credit card. We are talking about a credit card, similar to the traditional one, but with a limited credit limit: usually, you just credit a sufficient amount to cover the online purchase. In this way, the cardholder is sure that, should fraudulent use of the card occur, he would only risk the amount deposited, and not the overall ceiling as in traditional credit cards.

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An alternative to credit cards is the use of Paypal.


This system represents a system for the dematerialization of credit cards. Paypal provides for a registration phase on your site (paypal.com) and provides for a configuration phase of your profile: online account combined with a traditional credit card, prepaid, or bank circuit.

The Paypal account foresees a recharge phase, and the relative use of the Paypal account allows not to provide the credit card data on the website for online purchases.

After making an online purchase


Having a relationship based on fairness and transparency is essential for every online purchase. Once the purchase is concluded, it may happen that the purchased good presents faults, or anomalies that do not make the good usable or do not meet our expectations, making it necessary to return it.
In order to be serious, each e-commerce site must dedicate a section to the policy of returning goods, and / or refunding payments made.

The theme of the guarantee (of the good) in the online purchase becomes more and more important.

Let's try to consider some established platforms for online purchases.

Online shopping platforms

Among the most established platforms, we can place Amazon.
Amazon is "a great digital store" where you can buy everything. The categories of products offered by Amazon range from the most disparate: electronics, clothing, books, etc.
The peculiarity of Amazon lies in the fact that the company proposes itself both as a direct seller and as an open shop for other sellers, who use Amazon as a support shop for their products.

Amazon aims to offer excellent service, perfect packaging, and of course to save the buyer.

A registration phase is also required on the Amazon website, with the obtaining of user code and password before placing the purchase. Having a personal area allows you to monitor the purchase process, delivery times, etc.

The company offers privacy protection and advanced security.

The feedback system (review of the purchase or opinion on the seller) represents a suitable mechanism to expose the possible misconduct of the seller, who would be exposed to his behavior.
Amazon also offers the possibility of having an Amazon Prime account (paid service). This service allows you to have same day shipments, discounts, and other facilities.

Buying and selling between users


Subito.it is a large, completely Italian ad portal: buying and selling between private individuals of the most varied types of goods. The portal works through advertisements of the type for sale, or wanted, which provide for the insertion of advertisements or to make transactions for already existing advertisements. The portal leverages the agreement between buyer and seller to complete the sale, for example for payment methods, and the collection of the goods.

There is a registration phase for the insertion of the advertisement, and the service is mainly free.
There is a paid service to give greater visibility to your sales announcement, which otherwise would queue as more sales announcements are inserted.

Online shopping on eBay


eBay has been the first e-commerce site since 1996. A wide variety of items can be purchased on the platform, and it has the structure of a shop with shop windows.
eBay does not deal with shipping and selling but hosts several professionals, or not, who do it. On the other side, there is a community of buyers, who can be simple private individuals or professionals.

The platform is considered safe for online purchases, and its strength is the feedback mechanism. This mechanism allows shedding light on the possible incorrect behavior of the sellers.
Each advertiser offers its own service for packaging, delivery times, and payment methods. Items offered for sale can be either new or used. eBay is not responsible for delays, or for the condition of the item.

eBay is a kind of broker, which uses its own counterparty protection guidelines.
Most of the transactions are settled with Paypal.
Online shopping on Italian platforms: ePrice

ePrice is an Italian platform for online purchases of items of different kinds: sports, technology, personal products, etc. There is a registration phase (free), after which you can make purchases at affordable prices.

This platform also offers the Pick and Pay service: it is possible to collect the purchased goods directly from the nearest ePrice point, thus saving shipping costs.
High are the security standards both for privacy and for the protection of the payment transaction data. Other sites for safe online shopping are, among many, Zalando, Wish, Kijiji, Bonprix, etc.

Buying online: conclusions


The world of online shopping, on the Internet, has grown and grown exponentially, and it is now possible to find any type of goods online.

In addition to the preliminary advice provided above, in order to be able to choose a site for our online purchases, it is good to consider the presence of reviews on the internet. Maybe they can be considered "trivial", but the reviews have the strength to bring to light deception and scams suffered by buyers before us, who have turned to a certain seller.
If you use platforms that are not correctly translated into Italian, it is perhaps better to evaluate carefully. The same goes for little-known platforms: you cannot be sure of the correctness and seriousness of the company behind it.

On the payment methods, we say that it is better to prefer Paypal which offers a protection service against goods that have not arrived (dispute and opening of a refund procedure). If not possible, perhaps it is better to opt for a form of payment on delivery, and if not possible a prepaid credit card.
Maybe it can be a discounted advice, but it is good to pay attention to the internet, to the online purchase of super discounted products, or offered at too low a price, especially if it is quality items or fashion items of famous brands.

Sunday, May 17, 2020

How to learn graphics

Ok, here we are, after years of writing on this blog I finally decided to sit at the desk and write a complete guide on how to learn Graphic Design. Because looking on the internet, even with " how to learn graphic design " and things like that in English, the truth is that nothing really useful and practical can be found.

Precisely for this reason, this article I am sure you will like it
But before we start ... let me introduce myself!

I am Lorenzo Miglietta. I am a Graphic Designer and in 2014, while I was still a student, I created Grafigata.com, the blog you are reading. Over the years, a community of more than 20,000 designers was born around Grafigata and Grafigata has become the most appreciated and most-read the blog on graphics in Italy. In recent years, with Team Grafigata, I have also created some of the most advanced and complete online video courses on graphics. Such as ABC Graphic Design, the advanced course on the basics of graphics.

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Where to start to learn graphics?


Such an article is obviously aimed at many people. There are those who are still a high school student, who is at university and who instead wants to reinvent his career.

The point is that everyone starts from a different point.
But the first thing I want to say is this: you cannot in the least think of becoming a good designer without studying. And by study, I don't just mean exams at university or something. By study I mean things like: reading books, constantly inquiring, deepening, being curious, never being satisfied with what you already know (or think you know).

In this regard: discover the list of the best graphics and design books divided by topic.
Although many people look superficially at the world of graphics, considering it something simple, the truth is that it is an extremely delicate matter, extremely thorough and full of pitfalls.

So: study, be curious (which is the feature I consider most important for a designer ).
Design school: yes or no? Spoiler: if you can, yes.
Ok, in an article on how to learn graphics, we cannot fail to talk about school, university, or academy.
The big question: do you have to go to university to learn graphics?

The answer is it depends.

But I want to be clear immediately: the University, if chosen well and faced with the right spirit, is certainly the right choice in 80/90% of cases.
This is because a university or academic course, generally of three years, allows you to acquire in the best way the right approach to the subject. Being in a creative environment, the possibility of constantly exchanging information and constantly receiving feedback, obviously represent a competitive advantage compared to those who do not go to university.

Precisely for this reason, when I receive e-mails of boys or girls asking me whether or not to do the triennial, I generally recommend yes.

But is it impossible to study as a self-taught?

Absolutely not! Some of the best and most successful young designers I know are basically self-taught. While at the same time, there are some of my former college classmates who have ridiculous skills and who have probably wasted three years of their life pulling one exam after another to take a useless piece of paper (for them).

The truth is that to become a graphic designer, the important thing is to acquire the skills and learn what I like to define the "right approach" to design.
Most of these skills can be learned safely on your own!
There are online resources, like this Grafigata blog you are reading, that offer you a quantity of free content which in itself covers a good 60/70% of the basic skills needed.

the rest can be reached with paid video courses, books, and a lot of patience, perseverance, training, and experience. The advantage of those who train themselves is that they have the time to make more work experiences (even experiences of me ** a, yes), to make more personal projects, to acquire skills to be immediately adapted to the world of work. the huge disadvantage, however, is that it is very difficult to have a well-organized learning path, which takes you from A to Z as it does for those who attend a three-year course.

So, in short, summed up:

Yes: it is possible to learn from self-taught

Yes: it is much more difficult to do it (and it is very likely to have gaps on the bases). But it is not impossible!

Which university/school to choose to learn how to make graphics?

Returning to the University topic: one of the questions I most often receive is “ Lorenzo, which University do you recommend? ".
None! How can I give advice on such an important choice in a person's life? Furthermore, I cannot give the same advice I could give to a boy son of transhumant breeders in the Abbruzzese countryside to the daughter of two surgeons from Milan ( good examples, nor? ).

The choice of which university to do for graphics depends, for example, on:
Where do you live and where are you willing to live?
Unfortunately, many of the best universities are in the North (Milan in particular) and this can be a problem. But in any case, there are many extremely valid ones also in the south, both public and private.

Another big difference is between small towns and big cities. If you already live in the city you are obviously closer to the universities;
Are you willing to move? In case you don't live near the universities you want to go to;
How much can your family spend? (Or you personally)

In many sectors, in Italy, private universities are not that much better than public ones. Unfortunately, this is not the case in design. Schools like IED, NABA, ILAS, etc., are excellences that allow you to train yourself more fully than even the best polytechnics.

But this must not be a limit for you, it must not be a reason for renunciation. Can't you afford an installment of 10 thousand euros per year? Well, luckily Italy is a European country and we are not in the USA: public universities are often excellent here (not all, however).

However, beyond these aspects, I always recommend choosing a course that is as in line with what you want to do in life as possible. If you already know you are interested in a very specific branch, such as Motion Design, for example, go find a specific course on the subject.

If, on the other hand, you have the most confused ideas or you think you need a more complete but also more generalist training, then focus on a three-year course (like the classic "Communication Design" courses or courses of this type).

The key thing, however, is to study

As I said before, I know excellent designers who have trained themselves and bad "designers" who have only one more piece of paper in their curriculum and few real skills.
The difference, whatever your course of study, makes it the commitment you put into studying for your business. This is something that I really want to emphasize: even if you go to a university, academy, or school that is, you still have to study as a self-taught person if you want to become a good graphic designer.

But what should we study, then?


What to study? What do you need to know to be a good graphic designer?
Ok, studying is fundamental, it's true. But what to study? Let's see together the macro-topics on which you will have to focus your study in the coming months and years.
For each point, I will refer you to other articles I wrote on Grafigata so that you can save them as a favorite or start reading immediately

Drawing (do you have to know how to draw?)

Often, when we talk about Graphic Design or Design in general, we end up also talking about drawing. Drawing is a tool that, in fact, can be extremely important for a designer.
So a designer must know how to draw? Short answer: no.
I also talked about it in this old article. It depends on what is meant by " knowing how to draw ".
If by "knowing how to draw" you intend to paint pictures, make hyper-realistic pencil drawings, perfect portraits, or wonderful illustrations, then the answer to the initial question is a dry one: no, it is not necessary.

All of this has nothing to do with design. In fact, the design is not art, it is not the production of a single piece. Design is the design of something, an object, a poster, a website, designed to be mass-produced and used by many different people. And it is the design of something that must serve a certain goal. Of course, if the goal is precise to create a well-made illustration or a cool design to use within a project, well, in that case being good at drawing is extremely useful.

On the other hand, what is extremely important for all designers is the ability to exploit the design to find ideas, test them quickly and to make them concrete. In short: he must know how to make sketches, he must know how to do sketching.

A designer must use drawing as a tool for creativity. The better you are at making sketches and sketches, the faster your ideas will flow on paper.

To learn more, I refer you to this old article that I wrote on the subject.

The graphic composition


The first and primary knowledge to be obtained is to understand how the graphic composition works and, that is, the design of a layout. The composition, or the arrangement of the graphic elements inside the predetermined "container", is, in fact, one of the main elements of the graphics.

This "container" can be a physical page like those of a book, magazine or flyer but also that of an advertising poster. But it can also be a software document or a website page.

Designing a page layout means using texts and images to tell a story, convey a message, or communicate something.

Layout and grids


The layout can be of two types: it can be a grid layout or a free grid layout.
The grid-based layout is obviously based on a graphic grid structure.
The graphic grids, in practice, are a subdivision of the workspace through vertical and horizontal lines aimed at organizing the spaces and delimiting the elements that will make up a project.

A grid is therefore not a random set of lines that are an end in itself. It is used to organize the elements that are placed on the page. Examples of layouts designed using graphic grids are books, magazines, newspapers, letters, documents, websites, etc.

For further information: Guide for designers to graphic grids.
Many layouts, however, are not built based on predefined grid structures but are free-form.

Of course, in this type of layout you still work with guidelines and alignments, you still have the aim of generating something harmonious, balanced and balanced, but you do it freely, without pre-built grids. In this sequence of slides extracted from the ABC Graphic Design course you see exactly what I mean:


In practice, in free-form layouts, if the content changes, the structure, and composition also change. And the grids are still used but only to align different elements with each other. The letters (font and typography) Another fundamental element of graphics is the use of letters and, that is, typography.

By Typography, obviously I do not mean the workshop or physical shop where the products are printed, I mean the matter of Typography, or the study of typographic characters and the layout of the characters on the page. The characters are, in graphics, like bricks in architecture, atoms in physics, or numbers in mathematics.

In short, they are the basis of the graphic material.
Some historical works by the great designer Herb Lubalin. Master of Typography.
The "Type" helps to convey the first impression of each project and each page. It is important because the observer is conditioned by the type of typography used, even before reading the content.

In fact, typeface conveys emotions and has a personality.
It can be friendly or aggressive, it can convey a traditional and elegant or modern and synthetic appearance, it can appear feminine or masculine and so on.

A good designer is one who is able to make the best use of typefaces. Not only knowing how to choose the right one but also how to manage it within the project, based on the type of message you want to convey.